Liber Octavus; XXIV
C. Plinius Maximo Suo S.
 
 
 
Pliny the Younger
Book 1, Letter 10
Commentary created by Missy Mitchell, Bates College. December 1998

 
 
 
 
For the Latin Text of this letter
without notes, click here.

For an English translation
of this letter, click here.


 
 
 
 (Disclaimer: the following is the result of a undergraduate with too much to do and too little time. I have tried my best to cover all the areas of the letter that may pose problems to anyone translating it, but, alas, there is only so much one person can do. The Vocabulary and Grammar Notes are merely suggestions as to how I would translate the letter. Please exercise your own discretion. Gratias tibi ago.)
 
 
 
 
 

        Amor in te meus cogit,  non ut praecipiam (neque enim praeceptore eges), admoneam tamen, ut, quae scis, teneas et observes aut scias melius.
        Cogita to missum in provinciam Achaiam, illam veram et meram Graeciam, in qua primum humanitas, litterae, etiam fruges 1 inventae esse creduntur, missum ad ordinandum2 statum liberarum civitatum, id est ad homines maxime homines, ad liberos maxime liberos, qui ius a natura datum virtute, meritis, amicitia, foedere denique et religione tenuerunt.
        Revere conditores deos et numina deorum, reverere gloriam veterem et hanc ipsam senectutem, quae in homine venerabilis, in urbibus sacra. Sit apud te3 honor antiquitati, sit ingentibus factis, sit fabulis quoque. Nihil ex cuiusquam dignitate, nihil ex libertate, nihil ex iactatione decerpseris. Habe ante oculos hanc esse4 terram, quae nobis miserit iura, quae leges non victis, sed petentibus dederit, Athenas esse, quas adeas, Lacedaemonem esse, quam regas; quibus reliquam umbram et residuum libertatis nomen eripere durum, ferum, barbarum est. Vides a medicis, quamquam in adverse valetudine nihil servi ac liberi differant, mollius tamen liberos clementiusque 5 tractari.
        Recordare, quid quaeque civitas fuerit, non ut despicias, quod esse desierit; absit superbia, asperitas. Nec timueris contemptum. An contemnitur, qui imperium, qui fasces habet, nisi humilis et sordidus, et qui se primus ipse contemnit? Male vim suam potestas aliorum contumeliis experitur, male terrore veneratio adquiritur, longeque valentior amor6 ad obtinendum, quod velis, quam timor. Nam timor abit, si recedes, manet amor: ac sicut ille in odium hic in reverentiam vertitur.
        Te vero etiam atque etiam (repetam enim) meminisse oportet officii tui titulum ac tibi ipsi interpretari, quale quantumque sit7 ordinare statum liberarum civitatum. Nam quid ordinatione civilius, quid liberate pretiosius8? Porro quam turpe, si ordinatio eversione,9  libertas sevitute mutetur!
        Accedit, quod tibi certamen est tecum. Onerat te quaesturae tuae fama, quam ex Bithynia optimam10 revexisti, onerat testimonium principis, onerat tribunatus, praetura atque haec ipsa legatio quasi praemium data. Quo magis nitendum est,11  ne in longiqua provinicia quam12 suburbana, ne inter servientes quam liberos, ne sorte quam iudico missus, ne rudis et incognitus quam exploratus probatusque humanior, melior, peritior 13  fuisse videaris, cum sit14  alioqui, ut saepe audisti, saepe legisti, multo deformius amittere quam non adsequi laudem.
        Haec velim credas, quod initio dixi scripsisse me admonentem, non praecipientem; quamquam praecipientem quoque.15   Quippe non vereor, in amore ne modum excesserim.16  Neque enim periculum est, ne sit nimium, quod esse maximum debet. Vale.
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Grammar Notes:

1. fruges: metonymy
2. ad ordinandum: for the sake of setting in order (Gerundive)
3. Sit apud te...sit ingentibus...sit fabulis: Hortatory Subjunctive
4. Esse...esse...esse...eripere: Indirect Discourse ( from 'habe')
5. mollius...clementiusque: Comparative adverbs
6. amor...quam timor: comparison; translate 'longeque valentior amor quam timor' as 'love is far more powerful than fear'
7. Sit: Indirect question
8. Nam quid ordinatione civilius, quid libertate pretiosius? : Supply 'est'
9. si ordinatio eversione, libertas servitute mutetur: 'if control is exchanged for destruction and liverty for slavery' (ablatives because of the verb mutare)
10. optimam: in apposition with quam
11. nitendum est: passive paraphrastic
12. quam...quam...quam...quam: comparison, translate as if magis quam, "rather than."
13. ...exploratus probatus humanior, melior...: supply a comma between 'probatus' and 'humanior'
14. cum sit: cum causal
15. scripsisse me admonentem, non praecipientem; quamquam praecipientem quoque: the participles are in apposition with me: 'I wrote as one advising, not as one teaching; although (I wrote) as one teaching also.'
          16. ne excesserim: Subjunctive of verbs of fearing

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Vocabulary :

praecipio: to teach
praeceptor: teacher
admoneo: to remind
Achaias: the Roman province of Achaea (including the whole of Greece except Thessaly)
fruges: fruits of the earth (c.f. Metonymy)
maxime: to the greatest degree
status: affair(s)
foedere: treaty
decerpo: to detract
habe ante oculos: to remember (lit. keep before [your] eyes)
Lacedaemonem: the city of Lacedaemon or Sparta
durum, ferum, barbarum: uncouth, uncivilized and barbarous
quamquam: although
in adversa valetudine: in ill-health
mollius...clementius: more mild...more gentle
quaeque: each
despicio: to look down upon
desino: to end
superbia: pride
asperitas: severity
contemno: to despise
nisi: unless
male: it is a bad thing
vis: authority
contumelia: [public] insult
experior: to prove (dep.)
longeque valentior: more powerful by far
ad obtinendum, quod velis: in obtaining what you want
ille...hic: the former...the latter
etiam atque etiam: again and again
oportet: it behoves
officii tui titulum: the duties of your designation
interpretor: to understand clearly (dep.)
quale quantumque: of what sort and size
ordino: to set in order
porro: furthermore
turpe: a disgrace
eversio: an overturning
accedit: moreover
quod tibi certamen est tecum: you are your own rival (lit. that to you a rivalry is with you)
onero: to burden
reveho: to bring back
legatio: a post, position
quasi: a sort of
quo magis: so much the more
nitendum est: you must endeavor (passive pariphrastic)
longinqua...suburbana: remote...one closer to Rome
sorte...iudicio: by lot...by the emperor
rudis et incognitus: awkward and unknown
exploratus probatusque: confirmed and approved
humanior, melior, peritior: kinder, better and more skilled
alioqui: in general
multo deformius: far more shameful (lit. more shameful by far)
haec velim credas: Please believe this (lit. I wish for you to believe this)
initio: in the beginning
quoque: also
quippe: for indeed
excedo: to exceed
nimium: excess
Grammar:
fruges: metonymy
ad ordinandum: for the sake of setting in order
Sit apud te...sit ingentibus...sit fabulis: Hortatory Subjunctive
Esse...esse...esse...eripere: Indirect Discourse ( from 'habe')
mollius...clementiusque: Comparative adjectives used adverbially
amor...quam timor: ?  (rather than)
Sit: Indirect question
Nam quid ordinatione civilius, quid libertate pretiosius? : Supply a form of 'sum'
ordinatio eversione: ablative absolute
optimam: in apposition with quam
nitendum est: passive paraphrastic
quam...quam...quam...quam: ? (rather than)
...exploratus probatus humanior, melior...: supply a comma between 'probatus' and 'humanior'
cum sit: ????
quamquam praecipientem quoque: supply form of 'sum'
ne excesserim: Subjunctive of verbs of fearing